Annotated Bibliography 2026.02.28

Annotated Bibliography
Yu Borui
2026.02.28

This week, I read Peeters's article of VR. It's interesting to know that the virtual environment is the same as the real world, and there is no artificial space barrier. In addition, virtual reality experiments do not need to adopt repeated experimental structures or unnatural experimental tasks. Virtual agent is superior to experimental assistant in the consistency and repeatability of behavior, thus achieving cross-participant and cross-laboratory repeatability research.

Perniss, P. (2018). Why we should study multimodal language. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1109.

Perniss pointed out that human language is inherently multimodal, and speech is not the only way to express meaning. Gestures, facial expressions, eyes and body movements all participate in meaning construction. Visual and action channels are closely integrated with language system. Multimodal expression is helpful to improve understanding efficiency and communication effect. That is to say language is not a single sound system, but a comprehensive expression of vision, action and speech. 

Heyselaar, E., Hagoort, P., & Segaert, K. (2017a). In dialogue with an avatar, language behavior is identical to dialogue with a human partner. Behavior Research Methods.

The research showed that virtual agent can be used as a reliable tool to study natural dialogue, and VR environment has high ecological validity, which can control variables while maintaining the authenticity of interaction. In other words, virtual agents can simulate natural conversations, while allowing strict control of experimental variables.

Heyselaar, E., Hagoort, P., & Segaert, K. (2017b). How social perception influences syntactic alignment. Journal of Memory and Language.

The author mentioned that language processing is not only a cognitive process, but also influenced by social cognition. Syntactic alignment is more likely to occur when participants evaluate each other more positively. In other words, nonverbal cues may affect language processing through social cognition.

Gijssels, T., et al. (2016). Speech accommodation in virtual reality. Frontiers in Psychology.

The core finding of the survey is that even in VR, people still show natural language adaptation and adjust their language according to situations and interlocutors. VR has situational authenticity, which can be used to study natural pragmatic behavior and social language variables.

Slater, M., Pertaub, D.-P., & Steed, A. (1999). Public speaking in virtual reality: Facing an audience of avatars. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 19(2), 6–9.

It is pointed out that participants have real anxiety reaction in VR. Even if we know that the audience is virtual, the physiological and psychological reactions are still real. VR can be used as an effective exposure therapy tool. In other words, virtual reality environment can effectively stimulate emotional response, thus providing a safe, controllable and repeatable intervention method for anxiety treatment.

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